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UVa 10828 Back to Kernighan

Admin2023-11-11Html/Css38

题意:给定一个 n 个结点的有向图,然后从 1 结点出发,从每个结点向每个后继结点的概率是相同的,当走到一个没有后继结点后,那么程序终止,然后问你经过每个结点的期望是次数是多少。

析:假设 i 结点的出度为 di,期望执行次数为 xi,对于一个有 n 个前继结点的 a1, a2, a3 ... an 的结点 i,可以列出方程 xi = xa1/da1 + xa2/da2 + .. + xan/dan,根据每个结点都可以列出一个方程,然后就有 n 个方程,其中结点 1 比较特殊,因为是由它开始的所以看作它有一个前继虚拟结点 0,而 0 只执行一次,所以有 n 个前继结点的 a1, a2, a3 ... an 的结点 1,可以列出方程 x1 = xa1/da1 + xa2/da2 + .. + xan/dan + 1,注意末尾有一个 1,然后就有 n 个方程,然后用高斯消元-约当消元法,注意的是此题可能有无穷多解,和惟一解,多解也就是说最后所以得到的增广矩阵 A[i][i] = 0 && A[i][n] != 0,这样就是无穷大的答案,再就是 A[i][i] = 0 && A[i][n] = 0,这样的话答案就是 0。

代码如下:

#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000")
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <cctype>
#include <cmath>
#include <stack>
#include <sstream>
#include <list>
#include <assert.h>
#include <bitset>
#include <numeric>
#define debug() puts("++++")
#define gcd(a, b) __gcd(a, b)
#define lson l,m,rt<<1
#define rson m+1,r,rt<<1|1
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pb push_back
#define sqr(x) ((x)*(x))
#define ms(a,b) memset(a, b, sizeof a)
#define sz size()
#define pu push_up
#define pd push_down
#define cl clear()
#define lowbit(x) -x&x
//#define all 1,n,1
#define FOR(i,n,x) for(int i = (x); i < (n); ++i)
#define freopenr freopen("in.in", "r", stdin)
#define freopenw freopen("out.out", "w", stdout)
using namespace std;typedef long long LL;
typedef unsigned long long ULL;
typedef pair<int, int> P;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const LL LNF = 1e17;
const double inf = 1e20;
const double PI = acos(-1.0);
const double eps = 1e-8;
const int maxn = 100 + 5;
const int maxm = 1e6 + 2;
const LL mod = 1000000007;
const int dr[] = {-1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, -1, -1};
const int dc[] = {0, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1, -1};
const char *de[] = {"0000", "0001", "0010", "0011", "0100", "0101", "0110", "0111", "1000", "1001", "1010", "1011", "1100", "1101", "1110", "1111"};
int n, m;
const int mon[] = {0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
const int monn[] = {0, 31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
inline bool is_in(int r, int c) {
return r >= 0 && r < n && c >= 0 && c < m;
}vector<int> G[maxn];
int d[maxn];
bool ok[maxn];
double A[maxn][maxn];void solve(){
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
int r = i;
for(int j = i+1; j < n; ++j)
if(fabs(A[j][i]) > fabs(A[r][i])) r = j;
if(fabs(A[r][i]) < eps) continue;
if(r != i) for(int j = i; j <= n; ++j) swap(A[r][j], A[i][j]); for(int k = 0; k < n; ++k) if(k != i)
for(int j = n; j >= i; --j) A[k][j] -= A[k][i] / A[i][i] * A[i][j];
}
}int main(){
int kase = 0;
while(scanf("%d", &n) == 1 && n){
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) G[i].cl;
ms(d, 0); ms(ok, 0); ms(A, 0); A[0][n] = 1.;
int a, b;
while(scanf("%d %d", &a, &b) == 2 && a+b){
G[b-1].pb(a-1); ++d[a-1];
}
for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i){
A[i][i] = 1.;
for(int j = 0; j < G[i].sz; ++j)
A[i][G[i][j]] -= 1. / d[G[i][j]];
}
solve();
for(int i = n-1; i >= 0; --i){
if(fabs(A[i][i]) < eps && fabs(A[i][n]) > eps){ ok[i] = true; continue; }
for(int j = i+1; j < n; ++j)
if(fabs(A[i][j]) > eps && ok[j]) ok[i] = true;
}
printf("Case #%d:\n", ++kase);
scanf("%d", &m);
int x;
while(m-- && scanf("%d", &x) == 1)
if(ok[x-1]) puts("infinity");
else if(fabs(A[x-1][x-1]) < eps) printf("0.000\n");
else printf("%.3f\n", A[x-1][n] / A[x-1][x-1]);
}
return 0;
}

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